… Immune cells contain opioid peptides that are released within inflamed tissue and act at
opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve endings. It is also apparent that different types of …

… peripheral opioid receptors. This review presents the discoveries that led to the concept of
analgesia produced by immune-derived opioids… induced antinociception is mediated by opioid …

… of cell activation in immune-derived opioid antinociception. The recovery of CRF-induced …
relationship for immune-derived opioids or perhaps even a limit of cell infiltration kinetics. …

… Here we examine peripheral antinociception elicited by … -releasing factor (CRF)-induced
antinociception. To this end, we … this effect is mediated by peripheral opioid receptors. This is …

… to mediate peripheral antinociception in noninflamed … opioid peptides in immune cells. A
further interesting question is whether immune-derived opioid peptides and exogenous opioids …

… In summary, the available evidence indicates that opioid receptors on the peripheral terminals
of primary afferent nerves can mediate potent antinociceptive effects. Activation of these …

… Increasing evidence suggests that the antinociceptive effects of endogenous opioid peptides
can depend considerably on their site of secretion from immune cells. Inflamed tissues …

… secrete opioids in a paracrine manner. This review will provide novel insight into the peripheral
mechanisms of immune-derived … peripheral antinociception (1). Therefore, the release of …

… pain through activation of opioid receptors on sensory nerves by immune-derived opioid
peptides. … Peripheral mechanisms of intrinsic opioid antinociception are based on neuroimmune …

… models known to have clinical activation of the peripheral immune-derived opioid response.
… dependency of the antinociceptive actions, the peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, …